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My oldest son (now 3) had his tonsils out at 2 yrs 8 months because of sleep apnea and enlarged tonsils/adenoids.

Now my youngest son, who is 21 1/2 months, was just diagnosed with sleep apnea.  He has 10.1 apneas during REM sleep.  I am aware of this because of my oldest son.  

What is new to me is something called arousals.  I was told that in the 4 hours and 58 minutes that my son was monitored for, he had 170 arousals.  What does this mean?  It seems like ALOT to me.  Thanks

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Well, yes, divide 170 arousals by the number of hours he slept and it sounds like it could be a lot of arousals. An arousal doesn't necessarily mean that someone is fully wakened from sleep but it does mean that the person abruptly changed from one stage of sleep to a lighter stage of sleep. Beyond that explanation I really can't provide any clear explanation. Rock Hinkle gave me an excellent explanation of arousals but I don't have time now to dig it out and I don't feel confident enough to explain from memory.
An arousal is an interruption in sleep. These events must last 3 seconds. They are seen on an EEG by an increase in signal amplitude. Many things can cause arousals. Apnea, legmovements, and pain just to name a few. If this were my son I would check with my dentist to see if he is grinding his teeth. We see quite a bit of teethgrinding (bruxism) in this age group.

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